Nursing Strategies for Managing Chronic Diseases

Abstract

In this chapter, the challenges and opportunities in chronic disease management are first described. Methods presented include both traditional approaches, such as single problem or client-focused interventions, as well as more systems-focused approaches, such as care management for clients with multiple comorbidities. Specific clinical interventions and strategies for maximizing chronic disease management are also presented, such as emotional support and management and the development of skills and knowledge to better manage chronic diseases. Also described are collaborative models of care appropriate for chronic disease management. Nursing and other members of the healthcare team have an essential role in chronic disease management, education, and support. Only with their expertise can optimal chronic disease outcomes be achieved. With the type of research methodology nurse researchers bring, chronic disease knowledge for nursing and other care providers continues to grow. (Gunawan, 2023)
Chronic diseases are increasing concerns for both healthcare providers and receivers due to their longevity, effects on quality of life, and costs of care. Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death for adults and account for almost 80% of health problems. More than 160 million people are affected by at least one chronic condition, and this number is expected to increase by 40% in the next decade. Individuals with chronic diseases have an increased risk of functional decline and loss of independence, complicating personal and professional lives. Healthcare costs are also associated with chronic diseases. In 1990, over $500 billion was expended for the care of individuals with chronic diseases, constituting 24% of the national health expenditure. By 2000, this cost doubled, and it is estimated to exceed $4 trillion, constituting 81% of the national health expenditure. The adverse effects of chronic diseases are experienced on a personal and societal level. The prevention of chronic diseases would save between 180,000 and 300,000 premature deaths. Economic loss could be avoided, and quality of life would be improved through lifestyle intervention.