A Comprehensive Review of Needlestick Injury Prevention Among Nurses

Abstract

Needlestick and sharp injuries (NSIs) pose a significant occupational hazard for nurses, exposing them to blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite preventive measures, NSIs remain prevalent during all stages of sharp device usage. Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that three million nurses experience annual percutaneous exposure to contaminated fluids. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and factors associated with NSIs among nurses at Dammam Medical Complex and propose recommendations for a comprehensive prevention program. A retrospective review of reported NSI incidents over a six-year period revealed that female healthcare workers, particularly nurses and cleaning staff under 40 years old, were most affected. Hypodermic needles were the primary cause of NSIs, with most injuries occurring on the hands. Operating rooms, inpatient settings, and emergency care were identified as high-risk areas. Significant associations were found between the place of injury, gender, profession, cause of injury, and site of injury. The study highlighted the importance of regular education for healthcare workers, especially nurses and housekeepers, on preventing and reporting NSIs. Establishing effective surveillance systems, implementing robust prevention programs with safety-engineered devices, and fostering a culture of safety are crucial for reducing NSI risks in healthcare settings.