A Comprehensive Review of Perioperative Nursing Roles and Responsibilities

Abstract

Perioperative nursing assessment is a critical component of ensuring safe and effective surgical care. This article provides an overview of key considerations for perioperative nurses in conducting comprehensive patient evaluations. Historically, the connection between preoperative assessment, patient preparation, and postoperative outcomes has been well-established. The increasing frequency of procedures performed in outpatient settings necessitates tailored preoperative assessments that balance patient safety and comfort. Thorough preoperative planning and communication have been shown to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. Conducting a physical examination allows nurses to identify and document abnormalities, guiding individualized care throughout the perioperative journey. Effective communication and rapport-building are essential for gathering relevant patient information and addressing concerns. Specific considerations are necessary for patients with hearing or visual impairments, as well as those with prosthetic devices or dentures. Reviewing the patient's medical, surgical, and anesthesia history aids in anticipating needs and preventing complications. Legal issues surrounding advance directives and ethical dilemmas may arise, requiring adherence to professional standards and codes of conduct. Surgical risk factors in adolescents include adverse reactions to anesthesia, coexisting conditions, substance use, and medication interactions. Intraoperative risks can be mitigated by assessing adherence to preoperative instructions, removing jewelry and piercings, and evaluating overall health status. Proper patient positioning and padding are crucial for preventing skin breakdown and pressure injuries, particularly in elderly or obese patients. Allergies and familial anesthesia-related complications must be thoroughly screened and documented. By conducting comprehensive assessments and collaborating with the surgical team, perioperative nurses play a vital role in optimizing patient outcomes and ensuring a successful surgical experience.