The Nurse's Role in Managing PICC-Related Complications: Prevention and Best Practices

Abstract

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have become essential for providing long-term central venous access in critically ill patients. Despite their advantages, PICCs are associated with complications such as infections, venous thrombosis, and mechanical failures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PICC-related complications and prevention strategies to guide best practices in critical care settings. Patient factors, including comorbidities and catheter tip position, influence complication rates. Catheter selection, with a preference for smaller diameters and polyurethane materials, can mitigate risks. Strict adherence to sterile techniques, use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for skin antisepsis, and compliance with evidence-based guidelines are crucial for infection prevention. Ultrasound guidance during insertion and confirmation of tip placement in the distal superior vena cava can reduce thrombosis and mechanical complications. Innovations like the SecurAcath securement device help prevent catheter migration. The evolving role of PICC nurses necessitates ongoing education and practical training to effectively manage complications. Establishing standardized protocols, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, and encouraging further research are essential for enhancing PICC care. Future studies should focus on evaluating preventive strategies and clinical outcomes in critically ill populations to advance evidence-based practices, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs associated with PICC-related complications.