Role of Primary Care Physicians in Cancer Care: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objectives: To synthesize and critically evaluate the role of PCPs in the continuum of care in cancer. Methods: A total of 748 pertinent publications were found after a comprehensive search across four databases. 382 full-text publications were examined after duplicates were eliminated using Rayyan QCRI and relevance was checked; six studies finally satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Results: We included six studies with a total of 678 participants and almost one half of them 344 (50.7%) were males. These studies found that the family physician's role in cancer care, especially for palliative care, follow-up, and emotional support, is very important. However, gaps between perceived and actual roles continue to exist due to barriers at the patient, system, and professional levels. Structured appointments and follow-up have been associated with better access and patient satisfaction; outcomes of satisfaction are related to language, demographics, and perception of care. Family doctors were good at post-treatment follow-up, particularly in cases of breast cancer, acting as coordinators to guarantee continuity of care. Involvement of a family doctor was associated with improved quality of life and a pragmatic, cost-effective approach to sharing oncology workloads. Conclusion: Family physicians play a key role in accessible, patient-centered cancer care, particularly in prevention, follow-up, and palliative care. However, systemic barriers and unclear role definitions hinder their full integration into oncology care. Addressing these challenges through targeted education, enhanced collaboration with oncologists, and supportive policies can maximize their impact on patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. Further research is needed to explore their role in varied healthcare settings and to develop strategies to overcome these barriers.