Assess the Knowledge and Practice of Primary Care Physicians in Approaching Mental Health among PHC

Abstract

Background:
The involvement of non-specialists in mental health care is a key strategy to address the treatment gap for mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, non-specialist healthcare providers, such as primary care physicians (PCPs), often face challenges in terms of mental health literacy, attitudes, and perceived self-efficacy. These gaps can hinder effective mental health care delivery. This study aims to Assess the knowledge and practice of primary care physicians in approaching Mental Health among PHC
Methods:
This l study was conducted among 132 PCPs from diverse settings . Participants completed self-administered questionnaires assessing socio-demographic characteristics, professional experience, knowledge of mental health, attitudes towards mental illness, and perceived self-efficacy in detecting, treating, and managing mental health conditions. The study used validated instruments, including the WHO mental health knowledge questionnaire, the MICA scale for attitudes, and a tailored self-efficacy scale. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation analyses were used to evaluate relationships between participant characteristics and mental health competencies.
Results:
The results revealed that most participants had limited mental health training in the previous year, with a significant portion reporting inadequate knowledge in recognizing and managing mental health conditions. Attitudes towards mental health were generally neutral to negative, with stigma influencing care practices. Self-efficacy levels varied, with physicians feeling more confident in detecting mental health issues than in managing them through treatment. Factors such as years of experience and previous mental health training were positively associated with higher knowledge and self-efficacy.
Conclusion:
The study highlights critical gaps in mental health literacy, attitudes, and self-efficacy among PCPs. Addressing these gaps through targeted training programs can enhance the ability of non-specialists to effectively manage mental health issues in primary care settings, improving access to care, particularly in LMICs. Further research and interventions are needed to develop and implement effective training and support systems for PCPs to improve mental health care outcomes.