Nursing Care of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Review

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent arrhythmia associated with increased morbidity and mortality, underscoring the importance of comprehensive nursing care. Nurses play a pivotal role in the monitoring, assessment, and education of patients diagnosed with AF. Effective nursing care includes routine evaluation of vital signs, especially heart rate and rhythm, and the use of tools like the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores to assess thromboembolic risk. Nurses should also monitor for symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, and dyspnea, as well as facilitate timely interventions like the administration of anticoagulants or antiarrhythmic medications. Patient education regarding lifestyle modifications, adherence to prescribed therapies, and recognition of symptoms that warrant immediate medical attention is crucial in managing AF effectively. Moreover, nurses must adopt a holistic approach that considers the psychological and emotional well-being of patients with atrial fibrillation. Anxiety and fear associated with the diagnosis and potential complications can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. Providing support through counseling, educational resources, and intervention strategies like relaxation techniques can help mitigate these concerns. Collaborating with interdisciplinary teams ensures that patients receive comprehensive care tailored to their unique needs. Ultimately, the role of nursing in managing atrial fibrillation extends beyond clinical tasks; it encompasses advocacy for patient-centered care that empowers individuals to manage their condition effectively.