An Overview of the Rehabilitation Strategies for Improving Balance in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently encounter balance difficulties during physical activity. Multiple sclerosis is a gradually progressive condition; immunosuppressants and other medications may postpone its advancement, yet most patients will experience varying degrees of neurological deficits, including muscle weakness, muscle spasms, ataxia, sensory impairments, dysphagia, cognitive dysfunction, and psychological disorders. The aim of this review was to adress the variable rehabilitation Strategies for Improving Balance in Multiple Sclerosis. Professional rehabilitation treatment can mitigate functional impairments in multiple sclerosis patients from the initial phase of the disease through its course, enhance neurological function, and alleviate familial and societal obligations. The advancement of diverse rehabilitation technologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation, virtual reality, robot-assisted gait, telerehabilitation, and transcranial direct current stimulation, has further solidified the benefits of rehabilitation therapy in multiple sclerosis treatment, offering additional therapeutic options for patients.