The Convergence Of Operational Technology (OT) And Information Technology (IT) In Smart Terminals: A Technical Review

Abstract

Digital transformation is fundamentally reshaping terminal operations in process industries globally, with customary automation systems becoming clever and connected ecosystems of digital technologies. Smart terminals form the nexus of industrial supply chains, and convergence between OT and IT forms ecosystems of integrated digital technologies. These are integrated platforms from the field to the enterprise. Modern terminals utilize IoT-enabled sensors for real-time monitoring and visibility of assets. Advanced analytics provide real-time insights into operational data feeds. Cloud-edge architectures can deliver scalable systems and remote management. AI predictive maintenance relies on the prediction of equipment degradation, and autonomous loading of material occurs with little human intervention. Digital twin technology can be used for operations simulation, optimization, and planning. Safety automation can help to detect and address hazards. Product tracking through supply chains is easier, telemetry reduces the number of field workers in dangerous environments, operational systems are integrated with the enterprise platform, reducing data silos, and product traceability is extended through the supply chain. Automated data collection improves billing accuracy. Real-time visibility across facilities improves supply chain coordination. Cybersecurity, interoperability, and change management are known problems with digital transformation in healthcare. Structured frameworks to guide the digitalization process can alleviate some of these challenges. When multiple dimensions are taken into account, convergence can improve safety, sustainability, and terminal performance.