The Role Of Primary Health Care In Alleviating Hospital Burdens Through Early Detection Of Chronic Diseases And Enhancement Of Public Health

Abstract

Background: Chronic diseases are a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide, contributing to increased hospital admissions, emergency visits, and overall healthcare costs. Primary Health Care (PHC) serves as the frontline defense by enabling early detection, prevention, and management of these conditions, potentially reducing the strain on secondary and tertiary care facilities. Objective: To systematically review and synthesize existing evidence on how PHC interventions contribute to reducing hospital burden through early detection and improved management of chronic diseases, while also enhancing public health outcomes. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published in English from January 2000 to June 2025. Eligible studies included original research (cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, interventional studies) and systematic reviews that examined the role of PHC in early detection or prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular diseases. Outcomes of interest included hospital admission rates, emergency department visits, and public health indicators. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and assessed the quality of studies using appropriate appraisal tools. Results: Out of 1,977 records identified, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies varied in design and geographical location but consistently showed that PHC interventions such as continuity of care, periodic health checkups, integration of population health coordinators, and family physician-led care contributed to earlier detection of chronic diseases and reduced hospitalization rates. Interventions also improved clinical outcomes (e.g., blood pressure, lipid levels) and optimized resource use through tailored screening and follow-up. However, variations in effectiveness were noted based on demographic and healthcare system factors. Conclusion: Evidence supports the vital role of PHC in reducing hospital burden through early detection and management of chronic diseases. Investment in PHC infrastructure and workforce especially models involving continuity of care and integrated management can enhance public health outcomes and reduce strain on hospital services. Policymakers should consider strengthening PHC systems as a sustainable strategy for chronic disease control.