Cross-Infection Prevention Protocols: Role of dentists and Dental Assistants in Ensuring Compliance

Abstract

Cross-infection in dental settings refers to the transmission of infectious agents between patients and dental healthcare personnel (DHCP), or among patients themselves. The dental environment presents a unique risk due to frequent exposure to blood, saliva, respiratory secretions, and aerosols generated by high-speed instruments and ultrasonic scalers [1]. These exposures can transmit a range of pathogens including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and novel respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 [2,3].

Given this risk, stringent infection control practices are vital. Regulatory bodies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the American Dental Association (ADA) have published infection control guidelines to mitigate transmission [4–6]. These include standard precautions like hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), proper sterilization techniques, and transmission-based precautions when dealing with known infections [7]. The effectiveness of these protocols hinges on the compliance and vigilance of both dentists and dental assistants, who must not only apply but also advocate for adherence to these measures. This review outlines the sources of cross-infection, describes preventive protocols, and discusses the pivotal roles of dental professionals in ensuring compliance.