Infection Control for Healthcare Workers: Managing Special Pathogens in Pediatric Care

Abstract

The emergence of special pathogens, including novel coronaviruses, influenza viruses, and ebolaviruses, poses significant challenges to healthcare systems in providing safe and effective care while minimizing transmission risks. Hospital infection prevention and control (IPC) teams play a crucial role in managing these pathogens, particularly in pediatric populations, where balancing developmentally appropriate, family-centered care with infection control measures is essential. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends an "Identify, Isolate, and Inform" approach for optimal management of patients with special pathogens. This involves developing screening strategies incorporating exposure history and clinical presentation, promptly isolating suspected cases, and notifying relevant stakeholders. Specific isolation measures, personal protective equipment (PPE), and environmental cleaning protocols vary depending on the pathogen. Occupational health teams face distinct challenges in pediatric hospitals, necessitating expertise in managing adult healthcare workforce concerns while understanding the unique aspects of pediatric care. Effective communication, psychological support, and comprehensive respiratory protection programs are critical for healthcare personnel (HCP) safety. Regular drills and training exercises are essential to maintain preparedness and reinforce clinical competencies. Ensuring reliable access to medical countermeasures (MCMs) requires collaboration between emergency management and supply chain personnel. Implementing family-centered care for pediatric patients with special pathogens involves balancing medical treatment, psychosocial well-being, and infection control. Organizational and systems support, including designated hospital networks and pediatric-focused initiatives like the Pediatric Pandemic Network, are crucial for sustaining preparedness efforts in children's hospitals. Ongoing challenges include resource allocation and the need for a well-structured national preparedness framework that prioritizes pediatric considerations.