Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Review of Prevention and Management Approaches for Nurses

Abstract

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a prevalent healthcare-associated illness, accounting for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections. This review explores the epidemiology, mechanism of infection, risk factors, prevention strategies, and guidelines related to CAUTIs. The incidence of CAUTIs varies across regions, with higher rates reported in developing countries and ICUs. The mechanism of infection involves biofilm formation on catheter surfaces and the introduction of bacteria through various pathways. Risk factors include age, gender, duration of catheterization, diabetes mellitus, and caregiver-related factors. Prevention strategies encompass avoiding unnecessary catheterization, selecting appropriate catheters, implementing proper insertion and maintenance techniques, and establishing surveillance programs. Evidence-based guidelines and bundled approaches have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing CAUTI rates. Implementing customized infection prevention and control programs with senior management leadership is crucial for successful CAUTI reduction. Further research on catheter surface modifications and antimicrobial coatings may provide additional strategies for preventing biofilm formation and reducing the incidence of CAUTIs in healthcare settings.