A Review of Job Satisfaction and Burnout among Intensive Care Unit Nurses

Abstract

Burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction are prevalent issues among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, with studies reporting burnout rates ranging from 32.8% to 79%. This review explores the relationship between burnout and job satisfaction in ICU nurses, as well as the risk factors contributing to burnout. Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, and is associated with chronic workplace stress. ICU nurses are particularly vulnerable to burnout due to the demanding nature of their work, which involves constant exposure to challenging professional circumstances, such as confrontations, excessive workloads, and the emotional strain of caring for critically ill patients. Job satisfaction, which is inversely related to burnout, is influenced by factors such as autonomy, positive relationships with colleagues, and perceived workplace management. Personal risk factors for burnout include being female, married, and engaging in substance use behaviors. However, inadequate working conditions, such as poor work environments, night shifts, and excessive patient loads, are identified as the primary drivers of burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated burnout levels among ICU nurses, with rates reaching up to 79% in those caring for COVID-19 patients. Effective prevention strategies and interventions are needed to address burnout and enhance job satisfaction among ICU nurses, ultimately improving the quality of patient care and reducing professional attrition.