Risk factors for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at king Khaled Hospital, ICU in Hail - healthcare practitioners’ perspective

Abstract

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a significant global health challenge, particularly in critical care settings such as Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This study investigates the risk factors contributing to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the ICU of King Khaled Hospital in Hail, Saudi Arabia, from the perspective of healthcare practitioners. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was utilized, incorporating a mixed-methods approach to gather qualitative and quantitative data. Key factors examined include patterns of antibiotic prescription, patient demographics, clinical histories, and infection control measures. Findings highlight inappropriate antibiotic usage, patient comorbidities, and gaps in infection control practices as significant contributors to resistance. Inadequate adherence to hand hygiene protocols, insufficient environmental disinfection, and inconsistent antimicrobial stewardship were identified as critical areas for improvement. The study underscores the need for comprehensive infection prevention strategies, enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs, and targeted education for healthcare practitioners. These findings provide actionable insights to mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance within the ICU, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to the broader goal of combating antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on implementing and evaluating interventions tailored to the unique challenges of ICUs in similar healthcare environments.