Endocrine Disruptors and Their Role in Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Evidence in Internal Medicine Practice

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous chemicals that interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system, leading to disruptions in hormone signaling and metabolic processes. Increasing evidence suggests that EDs play a significant role in the development and progression of metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. These substances, found in common environmental sources such as plastics, pesticides, and personal care products, have the potential to mimic, block, or alter the actions of natural hormones, resulting in adverse health outcomes. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the mechanisms by which EDs contribute to metabolic disorders and their clinical implications for internal medicine practice. By examining the most recent research, this review highlights the link between ED exposure and metabolic dysfunction, emphasizing the need for internal medicine professionals to incorporate environmental health assessments into routine clinical care. The review also discusses prevention strategies, including patient education on minimizing ED exposure, and the importance of early intervention to address the root causes of metabolic disorders. Ultimately, as the understanding of EDs advances, internal medicine must lead efforts to identify, mitigate, and manage the health consequences of these environmental toxins, with a focus on prevention and long-term health outcomes.