General Practitioners as Frontline Defenders Against Infections: A Theoretical Perspective on Preparedness and Response

Abstract

This study explores the role of General Practitioners (GPs) as frontline defenders in infectious disease preparedness and response. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive research design, the study aims to understand the preparedness, challenges, and strategies adopted by GPs during health crises, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles, official health reports, and institutional documents. The analysis followed a thematic approach, with key steps including data familiarization, coding, theme identification, and interpretation. These steps enabled the identification of core themes related to GP preparedness, challenges, and response strategies.
The findings of this study reveal that GPs play an essential role in managing infectious disease outbreaks. Their responsibilities span across clinical care, public health communication, patient education, and infection prevention. One of the most critical findings is that GPs' preparedness is significantly influenced by access to personal protective equipment (PPE), timely training, and clear protocols. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of GPs due to PPE shortages, communication breakdowns, and mental health stressors. Countries with effective stockpiling and distribution of PPE reported higher GP preparedness. Furthermore, the inclusion of GPs in national health emergency planning and decision-making was found to enhance response coordination and effectiveness.
The reasons for these findings are rooted in the operational context of GPs as frontline health workers. Their direct interaction with patients places them in a pivotal position to identify and manage disease outbreaks. However, the absence of adequate support, such as access to PPE and mental health resources, hinders their ability to respond effectively. This study emphasizes the need for stronger support systems, continuous professional training, and the inclusion of GPs in policy development to enhance their preparedness for future health crises.