Theoretical Insights into the Role of Continuous Professional Development in Nursing Competency Enhancement

Abstract

This study investigates the role of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) in enhancing nursing competencies, utilizing a qualitative research methodology to explore theoretical frameworks, effective strategies, and potential barriers. The study employs a descriptive and analytical approach, supported by a systematic review of academic literature, policy documents, and theoretical papers published between 2010 and 2024. Data collection was guided by clearly defined inclusion criteria, with sources obtained from academic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Thematic analysis was used to identify and classify key themes, with a focus on the theoretical foundations of CPD, its role in improving nursing competencies, and the barriers affecting participation. The analysis process involved data familiarization, coding, and thematic classification, with final themes reviewed to ensure accuracy and consistency.
The results highlight that CPD significantly enhances three core nursing competencies: clinical reasoning, technical skills, and leadership. CPD strategies such as case-based learning, simulation-based training, and mentorship play a pivotal role in improving nurses' decision-making, technical proficiency, and leadership abilities. These approaches are shown to align with theoretical models like Kolb's Experiential Learning, Knowles' Adult Learning, and Transformative Learning, which promote experiential, self-directed, and reflective learning. Empirical evidence supports that CPD positively impacts nurses' clinical performance, patient outcomes, and professional identity.
However, the study identifies key barriers to CPD participation, including time constraints, limited funding, and insufficient managerial support. Addressing these barriers requires healthcare organizations to offer flexible learning schedules, provide financial support, and foster a culture of continuous learning. Implementing these changes can significantly enhance CPD participation rates, ensuring that nurses remain competent and adaptive in response to the evolving demands of healthcare.