Medically Fit but Functionally Unable; Determinants of Disability Among COVID-19 Patients in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has had profound impacts on both physical and cognitive health, leading to functional impairments among hospitalized patients. This study aims to examine the changes in functional status during hospitalization and identify factors influencing recovery and disability among COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A cohort of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Aseer Central Hospital was studied. Data on bio-demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and functional independence were collected using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at admission and discharge. Variables such as age, body mass index (BMI), and ICU admission were analyzed to assess their influence on functional outcomes. A cross-sectional design was used for data analysis.
Results: The study found a significant decline in functional independence during hospitalization. Most patients were independent at admission, but by discharge, a considerable number required varying degrees of assistance. The mean FIM score decreased significantly from admission to discharge (P < 0.001). Age, BMI, and ICU admission were significant factors influencing functional decline. Patients who required ICU care or mechanical ventilation experienced the most substantial losses in functional independence.
Conclusions: COVID-19 significantly impairs functional independence, with prolonged hospitalization and critical illness exacerbating physical and cognitive decline. The findings highlight the need for early rehabilitation and post-acute care interventions, particularly for older patients and those with severe illness.