Managing Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Comprehensive Guide for Nurses

Abstract

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and debilitating symptom experienced by cancer patients throughout the disease trajectory. This review synthesizes findings from high-quality studies to examine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in managing CRF. An extensive search of eight databases was conducted, encompassing English and Chinese literature, including clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and intervention studies. The most common nonpharmacological interventions for CRF include exercise therapies, psychosocial interventions, sensory art therapies, light therapy, nutritional management, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies, sleep management, combination therapies, and health education. Exercise therapy, particularly combining aerobic and resistance exercises or incorporating practices such as yoga, has been shown to significantly reduce CRF. Psychosocial interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stress management therapy, psychoeducation, and peer support, have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating fatigue and improving emotional well-being. Sensory art therapies, such as music therapy and art therapy, have shown promise in reducing CRF severity. Bright white light therapy, delivered at an optimal intensity of 1000–5000 lux for 30 minutes daily, has been effective in improving CRF within two weeks of treatment initiation. Nutritional management, emphasizing a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients, may help mitigate CRF. TCM therapies, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and acupressure, have been found to be safe and effective in managing CRF. Sleep management strategies, such as stimulus control therapy and sleep hygiene practices, are crucial for addressing sleep disturbances that contribute to CRF. Combination therapies, integrating two or more nonpharmacological interventions, have the potential for synergistic effects in reducing CRF. Health education plays a vital role in empowering patients and caregivers with knowledge and skills to manage CRF effectively. Nurses are essential in implementing these interventions, providing personalized care, and promoting patient adherence. Future research should focus on developing standardized protocols, exploring innovative delivery methods, and evaluating the long-term effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in diverse cancer populations.