Comprehensive Vaccination Practices for Adult Healthcare: A Guide for nurses

Abstract

Vaccination is a crucial aspect of health promotion and disease prevention, with a history dating back to the introduction of the smallpox vaccine in 1798. Despite the effectiveness of vaccines in reducing the incidence of preventable communicable diseases, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in the United States, partly due to the proliferation of misinformation about vaccine safety. This article provides nurses caring for adults with a concise overview of essential information necessary for effective patient care, including vaccine administration schedules, clinical considerations, patient-provider discussions, and addressing common myths surrounding vaccination. The article covers various vaccine-preventable diseases, such as hepatitis A and B, human papillomavirus (HPV), influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, meningococcal disease, pneumococcal disease, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, varicella, and herpes zoster. For each disease, the article discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, available vaccines, and important contraindications. The role of the immune system in vaccine-induced immunity is also explained, highlighting the importance of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The article emphasizes the need for nurses to identify at-risk individuals, ensure appropriate immunization, and provide accurate and evidence-based information to address patient concerns. By collaborating with patients to ensure access to reliable information and timely immunizations, nurses play a vital role in promoting health and reducing the risks associated with vaccine-preventable diseases.