Collaborative Integration of Speech-Language Pathology and Oral Health Care to Improve Swallowing and Recovery in Neurocritical Patients

Abstract

Patients with critical neurological conditions face complex challenges, including dysphagia, poor oral health, and communication deficits, which increase the risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and systemic infections. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates speech-language pathology and oral health care. Speech-language pathologists treat swallowing and communication disorders using evidence-based interventions, while oral health professionals focus on preventing infection and maintaining oral hygiene. Collaborative care leverages advanced diagnostics, innovative therapies such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and shared treatment plans to improve outcomes. Proactive strategies, including preventive oral care and provider education, promote recovery, reduce hospitalizations, and improve quality of life. This review explores the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in improving swallowing function, oral health, and overall recovery in critical neurological care.