The Role of Laboratory Technicians in Advancing Precision Medicine: A Systematic Review in Saudi Arabian Healthcare Institutions

Abstract

Precision medicine aims to tailor healthcare interventions based on individual patient characteristics, including genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Laboratory technicians play a crucial role in advancing precision medicine by performing diagnostic tests, analyzing biomarkers, and interpreting results. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence on the roles, responsibilities, and contributions of laboratory technicians in advancing precision medicine in Saudi Arabian healthcare institutions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between 2010 and 2024. The search terms included "laboratory technicians," "precision medicine," "personalized medicine," "Saudi Arabia," and related synonyms. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A total of 14 studies (8 quantitative, 4 qualitative, and 2 mixed-methods) met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that laboratory technicians in Saudi Arabia are involved in various aspects of precision medicine, including molecular diagnostics, genomic testing, pharmacogenomics, and biomarker analysis. The key enablers of laboratory technicians' contributions to precision medicine include advanced training, specialized expertise, effective collaboration with clinicians, and access to cutting-edge technologies. The main challenges include limited resources, workforce shortages, regulatory barriers, and ethical concerns. The review highlights the need for strategic initiatives to build the capacity and competency of laboratory technicians in precision medicine, to establish standardized protocols and guidelines, and to foster a culture of innovation and continuous improvement in Saudi Arabian healthcare institutions. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of laboratory technicians on patient outcomes, healthcare costs, and quality of care in the era of precision medicine.