The Impact of Needlestick and Sharp Injuries on Nurses, Technicians, and Laboratory Technicians: Risk Factors, Prevention, and Management

Abstract

Needlestick and sharp injuries (NSIs) represent a significant occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), including nurses, technicians, and laboratory personnel. These injuries pose risks of transmitting bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV), while also contributing to psychological distress. This systematic review explores the risk factors, prevention strategies, and management practices associated with NSIs. High patient loads, emergency scenarios, and inadequate training are identified as key contributors, alongside specialty-specific risks related to nursing care, surgical instrument handling, and laboratory procedures. Effective prevention strategies include universal precautions, such as the use of gloves and safe disposal practices, along with specialty-targeted training programs. Post-exposure management protocols, emphasizing timely reporting and baseline testing, are critical for mitigating the impact of injuries. Ultimately, comprehensive training, vaccination programs, and adherence to safety protocols are essential to safeguarding HCWs and fostering a culture of safety in healthcare settings.