Discoloration of Different Aesthetic Restorative Materials: Effects of Various Finishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Staining Susceptibility

Abstract

Discoloration of aesthetic restorative materials poses a significant challenge in dentistry, impacting both the longevity and visual appeal of dental restorations. This review examines the effects of various finishing systems on the surface roughness and staining susceptibility of different aesthetic restorative materials, including composite resins, ceramics, and glass ionomer cements. Discoloration can occur through intrinsic mechanisms, such as chemical degradation and the release of unreacted monomers, as well as extrinsic factors, including dietary habits and oral hygiene practices. The surface roughness of restorative materials plays a crucial role in their susceptibility to staining, with rougher surfaces tending to accumulate plaque and stain more readily than smoother surfaces. The review highlights the importance of finishing and polishing techniques in determining the surface characteristics of restorative materials. Various finishing systems, such as diamond burs, silicone polishing points, and polishing pastes, are evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing surface roughness and enhancing stain resistance. Research indicates that a combination of diamond burs followed by silicone polishing points yields smoother surfaces, thereby minimizing staining potential. Additionally, the use of polishing pastes can further improve surface smoothness and resistance to discoloration. The interaction between the finishing systems and the chemical composition of the restorative materials is also discussed, emphasizing the role of stain-resistant formulations in mitigating discoloration. The findings underscore the need for dental practitioners to select appropriate finishing techniques to optimize the aesthetic performance of restorations. Furthermore, patient education regarding oral hygiene and dietary choices is essential for maintaining the aesthetic integrity of restorative materials. In conclusion, understanding the mechanisms of discoloration and the impact of finishing systems on surface roughness and staining susceptibility is vital for enhancing the longevity and aesthetic outcomes of dental restorations. Future research should focus on developing innovative materials and techniques to further improve the aesthetic performance of restorative dentistry.