Theoretical Foundations of Stress Management Strategies in Nursing: A Critical Review

Abstract

This study critically reviews the theoretical foundations of stress management strategies in nursing. It highlights the key stressors faced by nurses, such as high workloads, long hours, and emotional demands from patients, which contribute to burnout, emotional exhaustion, and job dissatisfaction. These stress factors not only affect the mental and physical health of nurses but also impact patient care. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing stress to improve both nurse well-being and the quality of care provided to patients.
The methodology involved using descriptive-correlational research design, with a sample of 200 nurses. Data was collected through surveys assessing stress levels, coping strategies, and the effectiveness of these strategies in reducing stress. The findings revealed that the majority of nurses experienced moderate stress, with physical exercise being the most commonly employed coping strategy. Other effective strategies included relaxation techniques, peer support, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
The theoretical models reviewed, such as the Job Demand-Resource (JD-R) model and Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, provided insight into the factors contributing to stress in nursing and how stress management interventions can help. These models suggest that reducing job demands and increasing resources, like training and support, can alleviate stress. The study concludes with recommendations for implementing comprehensive stress management programs in healthcare settings, focusing on both individual coping mechanisms and organizational changes.