The Role of Radiologic Imaging in the Management of Sinusitis

Abstract

Sinusitis, characterized by inflammation of the sinus mucosa, is a prevalent condition affecting millions worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. It can present in various forms, including acute, subacute, chronic, and recurrent sinusitis, each with distinct clinical implications and management challenges. The multifactorial etiology of sinusitis encompasses infectious agents, allergic reactions, and structural abnormalities, necessitating a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Radiologic imaging plays a pivotal role in the evaluation and management of sinusitis, providing critical insights into the extent of disease, anatomical variations, and potential complications. This review article explores the various imaging modalities utilized in the management of sinusitis, including X-ray imaging, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. Each modality has specific indications, advantages, and limitations that influence clinical decision-making. While X-ray imaging has historically been used, its utility has diminished in favor of CT, which is considered the gold standard for sinus evaluation due to its high sensitivity and specificity. CT imaging allows for detailed visualization of both bony and soft tissue structures, making it invaluable for diagnosing chronic sinusitis and planning surgical interventions. MRI, although less commonly used for routine sinusitis assessment, is particularly effective in evaluating soft tissue involvement and complications such as orbital or intracranial extension. Ultrasound, while limited in its application, offers a radiation-free alternative, especially in pediatric populations. Emerging trends in radiologic imaging, including advanced techniques like cone beam CT and the integration of artificial intelligence, hold promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. As the understanding of sinusitis evolves, so too does the role of imaging in guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes. This article underscores the importance of radiologic imaging in the comprehensive management of sinusitis, highlighting its critical contributions to diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of disease progression.