Advances in Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technologies: A Systematic Review of Applications in Saudi Arabian Healthcare

Abstract

Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring (NIBGM) technologies have gained significant attention in recent years as a promising alternative to traditional invasive methods for diabetes management. This systematic review aims to explore the advances, applications, and challenges of NIBGM technologies in the context of Saudi Arabian healthcare. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using relevant databases, and 60 studies were included in the review. The findings revealed that various NIBGM techniques, such as optical, transdermal, and electromagnetic approaches, have been developed and evaluated for their accuracy, convenience, and potential for continuous monitoring. However, the adoption and implementation of NIBGM technologies in Saudi Arabia face several barriers, including technical limitations, cultural and religious considerations, and lack of awareness and accessibility. The review also identified opportunities for integrating NIBGM technologies into the Saudi Arabian healthcare system, such as enhancing patient empowerment, improving diabetes management, and reducing healthcare costs. Future research should focus on addressing the technical challenges, conducting clinical validation studies, and exploring the feasibility and acceptability of NIBGM technologies among Saudi Arabian patients and healthcare providers.