A Systematic Review for Advanced Solutions for Alcohol Use Disorder: Detection, Treatment, and Prevention

Abstract

Alcohol consumption is widespread worldwide, impacting various medical, psychological, and community outcomes. Alcoholism is a major risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD), a significant health condition with increasing mortality rates. The DSM of Mental Disorders IV edition diagnoses AUD, and symptoms vary in severity. Treatment approaches include pharmacological interventions like naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram, and emerging medications like topiramate, varenicline, and ondansetron. Digital interventions, such as mobile applications and artificial intelligence, offer new opportunities to support individuals with AUD, particularly in remote areas. Biochemical measurements can objectively evaluate alcohol use, but none are perfect. Additional experimental markers, such as sialic acid and byproducts like acetaldehyde and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), can help measure relapse and acute alcohol consumption. Comprehensive treatment programs integrating behavioral help, digital tools, and pharmacotherapies are crucial for recovery and preventing relapse. This review critically evaluates blood biomarkers research and treatment response of AUD and challenges facing them.