Empowering Nurses in Cardiovascular Risk in Cancer Patients: Stratification and Survivorship Care

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has led to the emergence of cardio-oncology, a specialty focused on addressing the cardiovascular complications associated with cancer therapies. This paper outlines the cardiotoxic effects of cancer treatments, explores the role of oncology nurses in performing cardiovascular assessments, and discusses the integration of evidence-based risk stratification tools into clinical practice. Cancer and CVD share common risk factors, and cancer patients face an increased risk of acute cardiovascular complications during and after treatment. Advancements in cancer therapies have improved survival rates but are accompanied by an increased risk of both acute and chronic cardiovascular toxicities. Oncology nurses play a critical role in preparing patients for treatment, educating them about potential side effects, and integrating cardiovascular risk assessments into their practice. Baseline cardiovascular assessment is recommended for all patients undergoing cancer treatment, and risk stratification tools, such as the Heart Failure Association-Cardio-Oncology cardiovascular risk assessment tool, enable healthcare professionals to tailor management plans accordingly. Patients with pre-existing CVD or those identified as high-risk require periodic evaluation and ongoing surveillance beyond the conclusion of cancer therapy. Oncology nurses are uniquely positioned to address and educate on lifestyle-related risk factors as part of survivorship care. Shared decision-making is crucial when addressing cancer treatment in the presence of an acute cardiovascular event, and patients must be informed about the risks of continuing versus halting therapy. Adequate training and education for oncology nurses in cardiovascular assessment are essential to fulfill these additional responsibilities effectively. The development of a core curriculum for nurses in cardio-oncology is underway, aiming to provide the necessary guidance, support, and education to excel in this evolving field.