Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: Integrating Laboratory Neuroscience, Nursing, and Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Anesthetic neurotoxicity, a growing concern in modern clinical practice, has raised alarms regarding the long-term effects of anesthetic exposure, particularly in vulnerable populations such as neonates, infants, and the elderly. This interdisciplinary review explores the complex interplay between laboratory neuroscience, nursing, and clinical medicine in understanding and addressing anesthetic neurotoxicity. Emerging evidence suggests that anesthetics, while essential for surgical procedures, may interfere with neurodevelopment and neuronal function, potentially leading to cognitive dysfunction and behavioral changes. Studies conducted in animal models, particularly during critical periods of synaptogenesis, have highlighted the potential for lasting neurotoxic effects, but the clinical relevance of these findings remains uncertain. This paper integrates findings from laboratory research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying anesthetic neurotoxicity, alongside clinical studies that investigate the cognitive and behavioral consequences in human populations. Furthermore, we discuss the role of healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, in mitigating risks by providing vigilant postoperative care and advocating for safer anesthetic practices. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research and collaboration across disciplines to better understand anesthetic neurotoxicity and its impact on patient health across the lifespan.