Integrating Pharmacy and Nursing Technicians in Medication Management: A Systematic Review of Strategies to Reduce Medication Errors

Abstract

Medication errors are a significant concern in healthcare settings, with potential adverse consequences for patient safety and outcomes. Pharmacy and nursing technicians play a crucial role in medication management, and their integration into the healthcare team may contribute to reducing medication errors. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize evidence on strategies for integrating pharmacy and nursing technicians in medication management to reduce medication errors. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023. The search terms included "pharmacy technicians," "nursing technicians," "medication errors," and "medication management." The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 12 quantitative, 6 qualitative, and 2 mixed-methods studies. The findings suggest that effective strategies for integrating pharmacy and nursing technicians in medication management include: (1) clearly defined roles and responsibilities, (2) standardized communication protocols, (3) collaborative training and education, and (4) technology-assisted interventions. However, several barriers to integration were identified, such as hierarchical structures, lack of trust, and inadequate organizational support. The review highlights the need for further research to evaluate the long-term impact of these strategies on medication error rates and patient outcomes, as well as to explore the perspectives of pharmacy and nursing technicians on their roles in medication safety.