Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis: The Contributing Roles of Nursing, Pharmacists, and Clinical Pathology in Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment-An Updated Review

Abstract

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), a major global health concern, continues to affect millions of individuals annually, with drug-resistant forms, especially multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), escalating worldwide. MDR-TB, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), poses significant treatment challenges. Its emergence stems from incomplete treatments, inadequate drug dosages, and transmission from infected individuals. Early and accurate diagnosis, as well as tailored treatment strategies, are vital for combating MDR-TB and preventing its spread.
Aim:This review aims to examine the critical roles of nursing professionals, pharmacists, and clinical pathology in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of MDR-TB, exploring the latest advancements in these areas.
Methods:A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on recent studies that address the evolving methodologies in diagnosing MDR-TB, including molecular diagnostics, phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, and the contributions of healthcare professionals. The review also investigates therapeutic approaches and the involvement of different healthcare sectors in managing MDR-TB.
Results:The findings underscore the pivotal roles of nursing staff, pharmacists, and clinical pathologists in the fight against MDR-TB. Nurses are instrumental in ensuring patient adherence to treatment regimens, managing side effects, and educating patients on the importance of completing prescribed therapies. Pharmacists play a key role in the rational use of second-line drugs, optimizing drug regimens, and preventing resistance. Clinical pathologists are crucial in improving diagnostic accuracy through advanced testing methods. The study also highlights the need for rapid, accurate diagnostics to facilitate early intervention.
Conclusion:MDR-TB remains a major threat to global health, but a collaborative approach involving nursing, pharmaceutical, and pathology professionals is essential to improving diagnosis, management, and patient outcomes. Continued advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug management strategies are critical for combating the rising prevalence of MDR-TB.