Review on the bioremediation of waters contaminated with native strains of the genus Pseudomona

Abstract

Introduction: Bioremediation has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate environmental pollution, especially in water and soil, using microorganisms to degrade or transform contaminants. Hydrocarbons and other pollutants such as heavy metals and persistent organic chemicals pose serious threats to biodiversity and human health. Methodology: A literature review was conducted focusing on bioremediation with Pseudomonas, collecting scientific articles and case studies. Studies presenting empirical results and theoretical analysis on the efficiency of Pseudomonas in the remediation of contaminants such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals were included. Sources were searched in scientific databases using relevant keywords. Results: Pseudomonas stand out for their ability to degrade a variety of contaminants due to their metabolic versatility. Mechanisms such as the production of degradative enzymes, the formation of biofilms, and the regulation of gene expression allow these bacteria to efficiently break down contaminants. Factors such as nutrient availability, pH, temperature, and redox conditions significantly affect its efficacy. In practical applications, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown high efficiency in the degradation of hydrocarbons in soils and waters, removing up to 90% of short-chain hydrocarbons. Furthermore, in the bioremediation of heavy metals, P. aeruginosa has demonstrated a high capacity to adsorb metal ions, removing up to 60% of arsenic from groundwater. In conclusion, bioremediation with Pseudomonas is promising for treating water and soil contamination by hydrocarbons and heavy metals, under various conditions.