Investigating Awareness and Knowledge of HCV Infection and Screening Tests by nurses

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) remains a significant public health issue, affecting millions worldwide with high prevalence rates and substantial mortality. Despite advancements in treatment, gaps in diagnosis, awareness, and prevention hinder progress toward global elimination goals. Assessing public knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding HCV infection and screening is essential to guide targeted interventions.
Methods:This study was conducted using a web-based questionnaire distributed via social media platforms. The study targeted individuals aged 18 years and older, collecting data on demographics, risk factors, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HCV. Knowledge was assessed through validated scores, while multivariable regression models identified predictors of outcomes.
Results:A total of 813 participants, predominantly female (75.1%) with a median age of 33 years, were included. The median Disease Knowledge Score was 75%, while the Prevention and Transmission Knowledge Score was 46.2%. Lack of awareness about HCV screening tests was reported by 23.2% of participants. Factors positively associated with higher knowledge scores included higher education, healthcare employment, and seeking HCV-related information. Attitudes toward HCV exposure were generally favorable, with a median Attitude Score of 0. Testing behavior was influenced by urban living, healthcare occupation, and perceived infection risk. Risk-prone practices, such as sharing potentially contaminated items, were observed in 31.8% of participants.
Conclusion: Knowledge gaps and misconceptions about HCV screening persist, highlighting the need for public health strategies that prioritize education and awareness. Tailored interventions targeting at-risk groups and expanding access to HCV-related information could improve prevention, testing, and treatment outcomes, contributing to the WHO's elimination targets.