Role of Nanotechnology in Antibiotic Drug Delivery: Review study on the Advancement of Transforming Infection Management in Critical Care, Challenges and Future Directions

Abstract

Nanotechnology has changed the face of antibiotic delivery with new and innovative approaches to address major infections, particularly in the intensive care units where multidrug resistance is emerging as an important problem. This review outlines the utility of nanocarriers like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and hybrid systems as precision drug delivery devices. These drug delivery devices enhance the solubility and stability of the drugs while simultaneously ensuring minimum systemic toxicity and delivering them in controlled and targeted manners. Essentially, stimuli responses of nanocarriers and AI-informed design represent major paradigm shifts towards potentially overcoming some MDR mechanisms and possibly maximally attaining therapeutic advantage. Their incorporation into everyday clinic practice poses significant challenges; issues include potential nanotoxicities, lack of scalability at the pilot plant scale for production purposes, and possible regulatory burdens. Bio-inspired nanocarriers have great promise for future advance together with personalized medicines and a combination of nanotechnology and machine learning. This comprehensive analysis brings forward the transformative power of nanotechnology in redefining the management of infection in critical care and makes way for a future of precision medicine.