Nurses as Pioneers in Cardiovascular Care: A Review of Effective Interventions

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), is a leading cause of death worldwide. While revascularization therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are primary treatment options, primary prevention through lifestyle modifications remains the most effective strategy. Nurse-led clinics have emerged as a promising approach to deliver preventive, educational, and psychological services to patients with CVD. This literature review highlights the role of nurses and their interventions in managing patients with cardiovascular diseases. Nurses play a crucial role in promoting healthy lifestyles, reducing cardiovascular risks, and providing post-discharge care. Evidence supports the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions in early initiation of thrombolysis, cardiac rehabilitation, and management of chronic heart failure. Nurse-led lifestyle programs have been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors, while nursing interventions post-cardiac catheterization and cardiovascular surgery have yielded positive outcomes. Gender differences in cardiovascular risk and treatment underscore the importance of nursing expertise in providing tailored care. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, with nurse-led initiatives demonstrating feasibility in managing patients with CVD. Nurse-led interventions have also shown promise in improving medication adherence, reducing hospital readmissions, and enhancing quality of life for patients with various cardiac conditions. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of nurse-led clinics on the treatment and management of patients with cardiovascular diseases.