The Prevalence Of Anesthesia-Related Postoperative Undesirable Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Surgery

Abstract

1. Introduction
The introduction should lead the reader smoothly and concisely to the aims and the professional gap problematics that will be addressed in the research. It should elaborate on the latest relevant work, highlight the significance achieved by the current research, and demonstrate the professional gap. The chapter ends with a clear statement of the purpose of the work. Anesthesia constitutes one of the fundamental pillars in every surgical operation. It enhances the ability to perform more complex surgeries, improves patient safety, and provides pain relief, thereby limiting the negative experiences caused by the surgical episode.
Methods
This observational cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of anesthesia-related postoperative undesirable outcomes among patients undergoing surgery. A structured data collection form was employed to document the anesthetic technique, type and dosage of anesthetic drugs, vital sign recordings, number of episodes of hypotension and bradycardia, and pulse oximetry value for each surgical patient in all sites at the hospitals. The principal investigator and trained nurses accessed the patient’s chart after a forty-eight-hour postoperative period to collect relevant data for the participants. The primary outcome was to determine the total number of patients who suffered from postoperative adverse outcomes that were deemed an outcome of the anesthetic techniques.
Conclusion
Our study revealed a high prevalence of anesthesia-related POD in hospitals in the UK between 2006 and 2009. For groups 2 and 3, the prevalence rate was 188.5–370.4 per 1,000 people per year and 183.7–426.1 per 1,000 people per year, respectively. The assigned ICD-9-CM codes of anesthesia that were responsible for generating PPODUOs contributed 5–48% and 2–44% to the group 2 and 3 subgroups, respectively. The ODA vascular access anesthetic technique was the most common neural block technique in group 2 with short-term insurers, while PNB brachial anesthetic was the most common type used in group 3 with Medicare insurers. The combination of anesthesia types ODA and PNB brachial also accounted for 21–46% in group 2 and 9–24% in group 3. Anesthesia-related POD showed variations in three different age categories. Our data indicated a moderate surveillance bias rate, and 95–96% of the intraoperative outcomes were responsible for the POD. Therefore, strategies for preventing such outcomes after or before surgery are accordingly changed. Data collected clinically were adequate and covered the main coverage of other studies on the same topic. So, our data could provide useful information for further management of PPODUOs that occur during perioperative periods. More than half of our patients developed PPODUOs within seven days postoperatively. Therefore, recognition of the symptoms and prevention of the occurrence of events contributing to PPODUOs are paramount for reducing healthcare expenses and the duration of the patient’s need for care. We hope our study will pave the way for future studies in developing numerous practical enhancements in the perioperative arena.