Impact of Coagulase Enzyme Extracted from Staphylococcus aureus on Breast, Gastric Cancer Cell Models

Abstract

Background;Coagulase is an enzyme involved in blood clotting and is a pathogen that helps Staphylococcus aureus evade the immune system response. Research shows that this enzyme may affect the growth of breast and gastric cancer cells, which calls for studying its potential effects on cell division, migration, and cell death, and thus understanding the relationship between bacterial infection and cancer progression.Aims of the study;Study of how the enzyme coagulase extracted from Staphylococcus aureus affects the growth of breast and gastric cancer cells.Methodology; Two hundred samples of blood, biopsies, wounds, vaginal swabs, and urine were collected from Baghdad hospitals. The samples were cultured on selective medium for S. aureus isolation, where the medium was sterilized by pressure at 121°C. In the laboratory, the samples were cultured on mannitol saline medium for 24 hours at 37°C, and then transferred to nutrient agar to obtain pure colonies. S. aureus was identified using Bergey's guide. Coagulase tests were performed using slide and tube assay to confirm the activity. After enzyme extraction, its activity was measured using spectrophotometric techniques. Ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration were used to purify the enzyme. Breast and gastric cancer cells were cultured, and MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of the enzyme on the cells.Result;The study showed that coagulase caused toxic effects on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and MKN45 gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The survival rate of MDA-MB-231 cells decreased from 92.41% at 1.75 mg/mL to 2.15% at 140 mg/mL, while that of MKN45 decreased from 88.48% to 1.59%. The results showed that MKN45 was more sensitive at intermediate concentrations. These results suggest that coagulase has the potential to be used as an anticancer agent, but further research is needed to understand its mechanism of action and safety.Conclusions;The results show that the enzyme coagulase has a toxic effect on breast and gastric cancer cells, indicating its potential as an anticancer agent, although further research is needed to evaluate its safety.