Dental Abscess: Diagnosis And Management

Abstract

Odontogenic infections, originating from teeth or their supporting structures, are among the most common infections encountered in clinical practice. These infections can remain localized or spread to adjacent or distant areas, potentially leading to severe complications. Periapical infections and pericoronitis are the most prevalent causes of odontogenic infections. Clinical presentations vary depending on the infection source and extent of spread, with pain, redness, and swelling being the hallmark signs. Ludwig's angina, a severe condition characterized by rapidly spreading cellulitis, can lead to life-threatening complications such as airway obstruction. The microbiology of odontogenic infections is polymicrobial, involving both facultative and strict anaerobes, with anaerobic bacteria outnumbering aerobes. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, examination, and radiographic findings, with cultures reserved for severe or unresponsive infections. Treatment primarily focuses on eliminating the infection source through dental interventions, with antibiotics serving as adjunctive therapy. Penicillin and clindamycin are the preferred antibiotics for odontogenic infections, while metronidazole, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin are effective alternatives in specific situations. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent the progression of odontogenic infections and their potential complications.