Review of the Role of Social Workers in Interprofessional Primary Healthcare Teams

Abstract

This review article examines the critical role of social workers within Interprofessional Primary Healthcare Teams (IPHTs) and their impact on patient outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Primary Healthcare (PHC) as essential services that prioritize prevention, health promotion, and early intervention, emphasizing the importance of addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) such as poverty, housing insecurity, and social isolation. Social workers are uniquely equipped to navigate these complex factors, providing comprehensive psychosocial assessments, care coordination, crisis intervention, counseling, health education, and advocacy. Their integration into IPHTs enhances the holistic approach to patient care, addressing both medical and psychosocial needs.
The article highlights the positive outcomes associated with social work interventions, including improved mental health, enhanced medication adherence, reduced hospitalizations, increased patient satisfaction, and better self-management of chronic conditions. However, challenges such as funding constraints, reimbursement issues, lack of awareness among healthcare professionals, and time limitations hinder the full integration of social workers into these teams. Best practices for successful integration are proposed, including early involvement of social workers, clear referral pathways, effective communication, standardized assessment tools, regular team meetings, and ongoing professional development.
Future directions for research and practice are identified, focusing on developing effective models of integration, assessing cost-effectiveness, establishing standardized outcome measures, exploring technology to expand access, and promoting interprofessional education. Ultimately, the review underscores the necessity of recognizing and valuing the contributions of social workers in creating a more equitable and effective healthcare system that prioritizes the well-being of all individuals. By fostering collaboration and comprehensive care, the integration of social workers into primary healthcare teams can lead to improved health outcomes and a more responsive healthcare system.