Exploring the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing Medication Therapy Management: Perspectives of Pharmacists and Nurses in Saudi Arabian Hospitals

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in transforming healthcare delivery, including medication therapy management (MTM). However, little is known about the perspectives of pharmacists and nurses on the potential of AI in optimizing MTM in Saudi Arabian hospitals.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the views of pharmacists and nurses on the potential benefits, challenges, and future directions of AI in MTM within the Saudi Arabian hospital context.
Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 pharmacists and 20 nurses purposively sampled from 4 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Participants perceived several potential benefits of AI in MTM, including improved medication safety, efficiency, and personalized care. However, they also identified challenges such as data privacy concerns, lack of human touch, and the need for specialized training. Three key themes emerged regarding future directions: 1) Developing AI systems that integrate with existing workflows; 2) Ensuring transparency and explainability of AI decisions; and 3) Fostering interprofessional collaboration in AI implementation.
Conclusion: Pharmacists and nurses in Saudi Arabia recognize the potential of AI to optimize MTM but also anticipate challenges. Collaborative efforts are needed to thoughtfully design and implement AI solutions that enhance rather than disrupt patient care. Future research should pilot AI interventions for MTM and evaluate their impact on patient outcomes.