The Critical Role of Nurses in managing patients with Valvular heart disease

Abstract

Valvular heart disease (VHD) poses a significant global health burden, with increasing prevalence due to an aging population. Aortic stenosis (AoS), the most common form of VHD, is characterized by progressive narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to poor prognosis if left untreated. Aortic valve replacement, either surgical or transcatheter, remains the definitive treatment. Aortic regurgitation, another form of aortic valve disease, involves backward blood flow into the left ventricle and is classified as acute or chronic. Mitral valve disease encompasses mitral stenosis, primarily caused by rheumatic fever, and mitral regurgitation, the most prevalent VHD in the United States. Tricuspid regurgitation is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic tools such as echocardiography, electrocardiography, and cardiac catheterization are crucial for assessing disease severity and guiding treatment decisions. Contemporary management of VHD includes surgical interventions, transcatheter procedures, and medical therapy tailored to the specific valve condition and patient characteristics. Post procedure nursing care focuses on access site management, cardiac rhythm monitoring, and early detection of complications. Patient education is vital for optimal outcomes, addressing the procedure, anticipated recovery, and post discharge care. As the landscape of VHD treatment evolves, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating advanced imaging, innovative procedures, and comprehensive patient care is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.