The Role of Physiotherapy in Managing Patellar Tendinopathy: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Patellar tendinopathy, commonly known as jumper's knee, is a prevalent overuse injury affecting athletes engaged in jumping sports. It is characterized by pain and dysfunction in the patellar tendon, significantly impacting quality of life and athletic performance. Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment and imaging, with a notable disconnect between imaging findings and pain. Management involves a comprehensive approach, including load management, progressive resistive exercises, and addressing kinetic chain deficits. Eccentric training, heavy slow resistance exercises, and functional strengthening have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing symptoms and improving function. Passive interventions, such as manual therapy and bracing, may complement active rehabilitation but lack robust evidence. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy, corticosteroid injections, and platelet-rich plasma injections have shown mixed results and require further research. Surgical options may be considered in severe cases. Educating athletes on the rehabilitation process and empowering them to monitor symptoms is crucial for successful outcomes. Factors affecting prognosis include pain severity, dysfunction, rehabilitation quality, and individual athletic demands. Central sensitization and upregulation of the central nervous system may play a role in pain mechanisms, warranting additional investigation. A comprehensive, individualized approach integrating load management, progressive strengthening, and athlete education is essential for optimal recovery and return to sports in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.