Review of the treatment and Preventive Strategies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Nursing Roles

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that cause significant distress and impairment. Affecting 1-3% of the global population, OCD often begins in adolescence or early adulthood and can lead to severe functional and emotional challenges if untreated. Effective management involves a combination of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), is the gold standard for treatment, helping patients confront obsessions without engaging in compulsions. Pharmacological options, such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), complement therapy by modulating serotonin levels to reduce symptoms. Advanced treatments like deep brain stimulation (DBS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provide hope for refractory cases. Preventive strategies focus on early identification, stress management, lifestyle modifications, and family education to minimize symptom exacerbation and enhance resilience. Nurses play a pivotal role in OCD management, offering assessment, patient education, emotional support, and advocacy to ensure comprehensive, patient-centered care. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates evidence-based treatments and preventive measures is essential to improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with OCD.