Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Nursing Perspective on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Care

Abstract

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent condition caused by the narrowing or occlusion of the aorta and limb arteries due to atherosclerosis. This systemic condition elevates the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and its impact is comparable to or greater than coronary artery disease or stroke. PAD disproportionately affects older adults, with higher prevalence and worse outcomes noted in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and minority groups. Nurses play a pivotal role in the assessment, management, and education of PAD patients, emphasizing the need for early detection, comprehensive risk factor management, and guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Effective strategies include antiplatelet therapy, lipid and glucose management, smoking cessation, and supervised exercise programs. Advanced treatments, including revascularization and multidisciplinary care, are essential for patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia or refractory symptoms. This article highlights the importance of a team-based approach and the integral role of nurses in improving outcomes for PAD patients through vigilant care, patient education, and collaboration with healthcare providers.