Nurses’ Role in Preventing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Evidence-Based Approaches

Abstract

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a significant healthcare challenge, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency departments (EDs). Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines for CRBSI prevention, translating these recommendations into practice remains a persistent issue. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and preventive strategies for CRBSIs, emphasizing the critical role of nurses in implementing infection control measures. Key preventive strategies include proper hand hygiene, optimal catheter insertion site selection, use of maximal sterile barriers, appropriate catheter dressing, judicious use of antimicrobial ointments, and regular replacement of administration sets. Nurse education, training, and adherence to guidelines are paramount in reducing CRBSI incidence. Successful interventions have demonstrated that simple, cost-effective measures, such as staff education, performance feedback, and process control, can lead to significant reductions in infection rates. However, barriers to implementation, including staff resistance, resource limitations, institutional policy variations, and time constraints, must be addressed to ensure sustained improvements. By fostering a collaborative culture, empowering nurses, and bridging the gap between evidence and practice, healthcare institutions can effectively reduce CRBSI rates, enhance patient safety, and improve clinical outcomes.