The Role of Nurses in Obstetric Care: Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Nurses play a pivotal role in obstetric care, providing essential support and expertise throughout the perinatal period, which includes pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum phase. Their multifaceted responsibilities encompass comprehensive assessment, education, emotional support, and clinical interventions, all of which are critical for promoting positive maternal and neonatal outcomes. This article explores the diverse functions of nurses in obstetric care, emphasizing their contributions during antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum stages. In antenatal care, nurses monitor maternal and fetal health, educate patients on prenatal care, and identify high-risk pregnancies, ensuring timely interventions. During labor and delivery, nurses provide continuous emotional and physical support, monitor vital signs, and assist healthcare providers in delivering safe and effective care. In the postpartum period, they conduct thorough assessments, educate mothers on newborn care and breastfeeding, and offer resources for mental health support, recognizing the significance of addressing postpartum depression. Despite their critical contributions, nurses in obstetric care face numerous challenges, including staffing shortages, emotional and physical demands, and the need to stay updated with evolving guidelines and practices. These challenges can impact the quality of care provided to mothers and infants. As the landscape of healthcare continues to evolve, the role of nurses in obstetrics must adapt to meet the changing needs of patients. Enhanced education and training, advocacy for nursing roles, and the integration of technology are essential for preparing nurses to navigate the complexities of maternal and neonatal care effectively. This review highlights the indispensable role of nurses in obstetric care and underscores the need for ongoing support, education, and resources to empower them in their practice. By recognizing and investing in the nursing workforce, healthcare systems can improve maternal and infant health outcomes, ensuring safe, compassionate, and patient-centered care during one of the most significant periods in a woman's life.