Up-to-date Progress and Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Dentistry

Abstract

This study examines the transformative applications of artificial intelligence in the field of dentistry, highlighting its pivotal role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, clinical decision-making, and treatment efficiency. AI technologies, particularly clinical decision support systems, leverage automated software to improve patient outcomes by facilitating precise diagnoses, treatment plans, and prognostic predictions. As demands for increased accuracy grow, AI tools are increasingly adopted across various subfields in dentistry, such as diagnostics, radiology, endodontics, periodontology, and orthodontics. This article discusses key examples of machine learning, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), which have been effectively utilized for tasks like cavity detection, disease prediction, and the automation of labor-intensive procedures. Technical advancements in AI have demonstrated impressive results, such as exceeding 90% precision and recall in tooth identification and a 99% accuracy rate in diagnosing dental caries. Furthermore, the integration of deep learning methods has provided robust diagnostic capabilities in endodontics and periodontology, significantly enhancing clinical workflows and accuracy over traditional methodologies. In orthodontics, AI facilitates treatment planning and decision-making with high sensitivity and specificity, surpassing conventional techniques. The findings indicate that while AI's potential is vast, with uses extending from treatment recommendations to robotic surgery, substantial further assessment is necessary to validate the cost-effectiveness and reliability of these technologies before they are fully integrated into standard clinical practices. This study underscores the necessity for ongoing research into AI applications within dentistry, emphasizing their ability to alleviate the burdens of clinical practice while potentially revolutionizing patient care. Therefore, the integration of AI into dental applications, although not yet commonplace, bears significant promise for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of dental care.