PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK IN BOYS AND GIRLS FROM ZERO TO FIVE YEARS OF FAMILIES IN POVERTY CONDITIONS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF CÁCOTA – NORTE DE SANTANDER – COLOMBIA

Abstract

Psychosocial risks have been defined as the set of situations and factors that may be personal, social or family-related and are linked to the presence of other problems that negatively impact the integral development of individuals (Román, et al, 2017). Given the importance of these risks, a qualitative study was developed with the aim of determining the psychosocial risk factors in children from zero to five years of age
from families in poverty, beneficiaries of the program "From Zero to Always" in this community. This is an exploratory and cross-sectional study for which qualitative instruments were used, based on techniques such as direct observation, the recording of sociodemographic data and the semi-structured interview applied to five of the thirty beneficiary families of the program. The information was provided by the mothers in all cases, the observation was recorded during the visits; The data were triangulated in order to analyze the findings around the two categories proposed, namely: Contextual Factors with the subcategories of Support Networks, Family Organization, Personal History of the caregiver and Proximate Risk Factors with the subcategories of Characteristics of the Family Microsystem, Risky Educational Practices and Difficulties in Adaptation of the Child. The results refer to a higher incidence of risk factors related to the absence of support networks, deficiencies in family organization and risky educational practices. It is suggested to continue this research, using the data as a basis for subsequent interventions that allow prevention and education of parents around the needs manifested for this age group.